Gemstone ID - 532 nm


A55 - a

Species : Topaz     
Chemical Formula :   Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
Identification Characteristics : 
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:8             S.G.:3.49 ~ 3.57
Cleavage: Perfect   
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.63      D.R.: 0.010     
Crystal System:  Orthorhombic
Fracture: Subconchoidal to Uneven
Spectral Characteristics: 
294、325、353、391、416、441、 520、585、706、977、1019、1072  (cm-1) 


A55 - b

Species : Topaz     
Chemical Formula :   Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
Identification Characteristics : 
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:8             S.G.:3.49 ~ 3.57
Cleavage: Perfect   
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.63      D.R.: 0.010     
Crystal System:  Orthorhombic
Fracture: Subconchoidal to Uneven
Spectral Characteristics: 
294、325、353、391、416、441、 520、585、706、977、1019、1072  (cm-1) 


A55 - c

Species : Topaz     
Chemical Formula :   Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
Identification Characteristics : 
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:8             S.G.:3.49 ~ 3.57
Cleavage: Perfect   
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.63      D.R.: 0.010     
Crystal System:  Orthorhombic
Fracture: Subconchoidal to Uneven
Spectral Characteristics: 
294、325、353、391、416、441、 520、585、706、977、1019、1072  (cm-1) 


A57 - a

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - b

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - c

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - d

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - e

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - f

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - g

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - h

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A57 - i

Species : Tourmaline      
Chemical Formula :     Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH,F)4
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:7 ~ 7.5         S.G.:3.0 ~ 3.2
Cleavage: Imperfect     
R.I.: 1.62 ~ 1.64           D.R.: 0.018
Crystal System: Trigonal
Fracture: Uneven to Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
370、405、507、634、704、751、 1058、
1087 (cm-1)  


A58 - a

Species : Turquoise  
Chemical Formula :     CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8‧4H2O
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification: Phosphate
Hardness:5 ~ 6      S.G.:2.6 ~ 2.8
Cleavage: Good     
R.I.: 1.61 ~ 1.65      D.R.: 0.040
Crystal System: Triclinic
Fracture: Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
330、418、641、816、1040 (cm-1)   


A58 - b

Species : Turquoise  
Chemical Formula :     CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8‧4H2O
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification: Phosphate
Hardness:5 ~ 6      S.G.:2.6 ~ 2.8
Cleavage: Good     
R.I.: 1.61 ~ 1.65      D.R.: 0.040
Crystal System: Triclinic
Fracture: Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
330、418、641、816、1040 (cm-1)   


A58 - c

Species : Turquoise  
Chemical Formula :     CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8‧4H2O
Identification Characteristics :  
Classification: Phosphate
Hardness:5 ~ 6      S.G.:2.6 ~ 2.8
Cleavage: Good     
R.I.: 1.61 ~ 1.65      D.R.: 0.040
Crystal System: Triclinic
Fracture: Conchoidal
Spectral Characteristics: 
330、418、641、816、1040 (cm-1)   


B58

Species : Tugtupite        
Chemical Formula :  Na4AlBeSi4O12Cl   
Identification Characteristics :   
Classification:  Silicate
Hardness:4                 S.G.:2.36
Cleavage: Imperfect  
R.I.: 1.49 ~ 1.50           D.R.: 0.006
Crystal System: Tetragonal
Fracture: Uneven
Spectral Characteristics: 
269、288、324、388、439、 461、509、554、630、1051、1129 (cm-1)